However, noticeably, combined inoculation of the three species had no significant effects on root length, surface area, and biomass, but promoted rhizospheric fungal diversity and abundance most, with Sordariomycetes being the dominant fungal group. associated with its combined inoculations maximally facilitated soil organic carbon accumulation. Despite no observed root growth promotion, Monosporascus sp. also appeared to promote root growth, these inoculations resulted in obvious soil acidification. chlamydospora and co-inoculations with S. kiliense inoculation alone and its co-inoculation with Monosporascus sp. However, fungal inoculation influenced the root length and surface area depending on their species and combinations, with the greatest benefits occurring on S. Both single fungus and combined inoculation decreased plant height (7–17%), but increased stem branching numbers (13–34%). adsurgens, but did not affect the shoot biomass. The results indicated that fungal inoculation mainly influenced root biomass of A. combined fungi inoculation, on plant morphology and rhizospheric soil microhabitat of desert plant Astragalus adsurgens grown under drought and non-sterile soil conditions. For that, we compared the effects of single fungus vs. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to test the synergistic effects between three extremely arid habitat-adapted root endophytes (Alternaria chlamydospora, Sarocladium kiliense, and Monosporascus sp.). Therefore, combined inoculation of multiple fungi should be applied to simulate natural habitats with the presence of a local microbiome. Although desert plants often establish multiple simultaneous symbiotic associations with various endophytic fungi in their roots, most studies focus on single fungus inoculation.
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